Fires as a source of annual ambient PM2.5 exposure and chronic health impacts in Europe
Chronic exposure to air pollution (ambient PM2.5) is the largest environmental health risk in Europe. We used a chemical transport model and recent exposure response functions to simulate ambient PM2.5, contribution from fires and related health impacts over Europe from 1990 to 2019. Our estimation indicates that the excess death burden from exposure to ambient PM2.5 declined across Europe at a rate of 10,000 deaths per year. Excess deaths from fires increased by more than 100% during the same period.